International Framework

Serbia’s international climate obligations are rooted in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which it ratified in 2001, and are further shaped by the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement adopted under the UNFCCC.

As a Non‑Annex I Party under the UNFCCC, Serbia’s core obligations are largely framework-oriented and procedural. This includes developing and implementing policies and measures to contribute to the Convention’s objective, and preparing national reporting outputs such as national communications and greenhouse gas inventories in line with UNFCCC guidance.​

Under the Kyoto Protocol, Serbia has been expected to implement relevant measures and can participate in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which in practice requires a basic domestic institutional setup to enable CDM activities.

The Paris Agreement builds on this foundation through a universal architecture centered on nationally determined contributions (NDCs), reinforcing expectations that Serbia maintains an NDC, pursues domestic mitigation measures to achieve it, and strengthens its monitoring, reporting, and validation (MRV) systems, typically through national laws, strategies, and institutions that translate these international requirements into an operable framework.